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Version 2.5.4 - May 16, 2024

bowtie2

• Added --sam-opt-config command line option for toggling SAM Opt flags. See MANUAL for details.
• Fixed an issue causing bowtie2’s memory usage to increase over time when aligning BAM files.
• Changed bowtie2 to continue flushing output in the event of a partial write.
• Changed the behavior of bowtie2-build to throw an exception if it is unable to write the BWT (.1.bt2, .1.rev.bt2). In prior versions bowtie2-build, would silently ignore the error which has led some to report the absence of the BWT files in a “completed” index build.
• Reverted the changes made in v2.5.0 that sometimes caused unique concordant alignments to be overcounted.

New Indexes for Cow, Chimp, and Rat, added to the sidebar - May 08, 2024

• B. taurus, ARS-UCD2.0
• P. troglodytes, mPanTro3-v2
• R. norvegicus, GRCr8

Version 2.5.3 - Jan 16, 2024

bowtie2

• Fixed an issue causing bowtie2's memory usage to increase over time.
• Fixed an issue causing bowtie2 to crash when processing eempty FASTQ records.
• Fixed an issue causing bowtie2 to erroneously treat -f and -F as mutually exclusive.

bowtie2-build

• Add optional support for libsais to bowtie2-build for faster index building.
N.B. -- small indexes are capped at 2GB when using libsais as opposed to 4GB when using the default blockwise algorithm. See MANUAL for details.

Version 2.5.2 - Oct 13, 2023

bowtie2

• Fixed an issue preventing bowtie2 from utilizing the specified number of CPU cores
• Fixed an issue causing bowtie2 to segfault when reading compressed inputs on Windows
• Fixed an issue causing bowtie2 to segfault while parsing interleaved reads
• Overhauled the FASTQ parser with better tolerance for empty lines

Version 2.5.1 - Feb 17, 2023

bowtie2

• Fixed an issue affecting bowtie2 alignment accuracy.
• Updated the versions of the NCBI NGS and VDB libraries used by bowtie2.
• Fixed a segmentation fault that would occur while aligning SRA data.
• Fixed an issue preventing --un-mates from properly saving unaligned mates.

Version 2.5.0 - Oct 31, 2022

bowtie2

• Overall improvements in the use of prefetch instructions. (contribution by Igor Sfiligoi)
• Made input/output fully asynchronous by using a dedicated thread. (contribution by Igor Sfiligoi)
• Added support for AVX2 256-bit instructions with can be enabled by setting the SSE_AXV2 environment variable at compile time. (contribution by Igor Sfiligoi)
• Fixed an issue causing bowtie2 to crash when processing ZSTD files with high compression ratios.
• Changed the way that unique alignments are counted in summary message to better match up with filters on SAM output

Version 2.4.5 - Jan 16, 2022

bowtie2

• Fixed issues with bowtie2 BAM parser that would cause bowtie2 to crash when processing input that was encoded with tools other than samtools e.g. Picard.
• Fixed an issue causing bowtie2 to drop certain optional fields when when aligning BAM reads with the --preserve-tags option.
• Fixed an issue causing bowtie2 to produce mangled SAM output when specifying --sam-append-comment together with the --passthrough option.
• Appended GO:query to SAM @HD entry to indicate that reads are grouped by query name, bump SAM version to 1.5 to indicate support for this change.

bowtie2-build

• Implemented thread pool to address performance regressions introduced during the switch to C++11 threads.
• Fixed an issue causing masked-sequence metadata to be omitted from index. This issue would subsequently result in sequence data, @SQ, being left out from alignment SAM header.
• Included .tmp extension to index files currenlty being built. The extension is removed only upon successful build. This change seeks to address the assumption that bowtie2-build ran successfully without building the reverse indexes.
• Fixed an issue causing bowtie2-build to sometimes incorrectly calculate input size. This issue would result in the wrong index type being chosen and only happened with GZip compressed files.

bowtie2-inspect

• Added a new -o/--output option to save the output of bowtie2-inspect to a file instead of being dumped to standard output.

Version 2.4.4 - May 23, 2021

• Fixed an issue that would sometimes cause deadlocks in bowtie2 when running multithreaded

Version 2.4.3 - May 13, 2021

• Replaced TBB concurrency with C++ threads
• Added native support for processing Zstd-compressed read files to >bowtie2
• Added native support for processing Zstd-compressed reference-genome files to bowtie2-build
• Fixed an issue causing bowtie2 to report incorrect alignments on big-endian machines
• Fixed an issue causing bowtie2 to incorrectly process BAM files on big-endian machines
• Fixed an issue causing bowtie2 to set an incorrect MAPQ when AS and XS are the maximum for read length
• Add support for building on Apple M1 processors

Version 2.4.2 - Oct 5, 2020

• Fixed an issue that would cause the bowtie2 wrapper script to throw an error when using wrapper-specific arguments.
• Added new --sam-append-comment flag that appends comment from FASTA/Q read to corresponding SAM record.
• Fixed an issue that would cause qupto, -u, to overflow when there are >= 2³² query sequences (PR #312).
• Fixed an issue that would cause bowtie2-build script to incorrectly process reference files.

Version 2.4.1 - Feb 28, 2020

• Fixed an issue that would cause the bowtie2 wrapper script to incorrectly process certain arguments

Version 2.4.0 - Feb 25, 2020

• Fixed an issue in -b <bam> input mode where one might prematurely close the read file pointer causing “Bad file descriptor” in other threads
• Fixed an issue that could cause bowtie2 to crash in --no-1mm-upfront mode
• Modified bowtie2-build to better handle of flags and positional parameters
• Migrated all python scripts to python3
• Added support for wildcards in input files to bowtie2, e.g. bowtie2 -x index -q *.fq as opposed to bowtie2 -x index -q 1.fq,2.fq,3.fq...
• Fixed an issue causing bowtie2 to incorrectly process read names with slash mates plus extra characters (see #265)
• Clarified support for overriding presets with more specific options e.g bowtie2 -x index --local --very-fast-local --L22 -q reads.fq will set the seed length to 22, overriding the 25 set by --very-fast-local
• Modified SAM output for -k/-a so that supplementary alignments get assigned a MAPQ of 255
• Fixed an issue that would sometimes cause bowtie2-build to not generate reverse index files
• Added preliminary support for ppc64le architectures with the help of SIMDE project (see #271)
• Fixed an issue causing bowtie2 to incorrectly calculate the MAPQ when --mp was specified in combination with --ignore-quals

1000-Genomes major-allele SNP references -- April 26, 2019

• For each base where the typical reference has the non-majority allele (according to the 1000 Genomes Project, we substituted in the majority allele instead
• Links for indexes added to sidebar, as are links for the edited FASTA files
• We made versions both for GRCh38 primary assembly and hg19 assembly
• See how we created them
• Only SNPs (single-base substitutions) are considered for now; indels are future work
• Because only SNPs are considered, coordinates (e.g. gene annotations) are the same as for typical GRCh38 and hg19 assemblies. Most downstream tools are unaffected as long as major-allele-edited FASTAs are used wherever genome sequences are required.

Version 2.3.5.1 - April 16, 2019

• Added official support for BAM input files
• Added official support for CMake build system
• Added changes to Makefile for creating Reproducible builds (via #210)
• Fix an issue whereby building on aarch64 would require patching sed commands (via #243)
• Fix an issue whereby bowtie2 would incorrectly throw an error while processing --interleaved input

Version 2.3.5 - March 16, 2019

Check out the Bowtie 2 UI, currently in beta, a shiny, frontend to the Bowtie2 command line.

• Added support for obtaining input reads directly from the Sequence Read Archive, via NCBI’s NGS language bindings. This is activated via the --sra-acc option. This implementation is based on Daehwan Kim’s in HISAT2. Supports both unpaired and paired-end inputs.
• Bowtie 2 now compiles on ARM architectures (via #216)
• --interleaved can now be combined with FASTA inputs (worked only with FASTQ before)
• Fixed issue whereby large indexes were not successfully found in the $BOWTIE2_INDEXES directory
• Fixed input from FIFOs (e.g. via process substitution) to distinguish gzip-compressed versus uncompressed input
• Fixed issue whereby arguments containing bz2 lz4 were misinterpretted as files
• Fixed several compiler warnings
• Fixed issue whereby both ends of a paired-end read could have negative TLEN if they exactly coincided
• Fixed issue whereby bowtie2-build would hang on end-of-file (via #228)
• Fixed issue whereby wrapper script would sometimes create zombie processes (via #51)
• Fixed issue whereby bowtie2-build and bowtie2-inspect wrappers would fail on some versions of Python/PyPy
• Replaced old, unhelpful README.md in the project with a version that includes badges, links and some highlights from the manual
• Note: BAM input support and CMake build support both remain experimental, but we expect to finalize them in the next release

Version 2.3.4.3 - September 17, 2018

• Fixed an issue causing bowtie2-build and bowtie2-inspect to output incomplete help text.
• Fixed an issue causing bowtie2-align to crash.
• Fixed an issue preventing bowtie2 from processing paired and/or unpaired FASTQ reads together with interleaved FASTQ reads.

Version 2.3.4.2 - August 07, 2018

• Fixed issue causing bowtie2 to fail in --fast-local mode.
• Fixed issue causing --soft-clipped-unmapped-tlen to be a positional argument.
• New option --trim-to N causes bowtie2 to trim reads longer than N bases to exactly N bases. Can trim from either 3' or 5' end, e.g. --trim-to 5:30 trims reads to 30 bases, truncating at the 5' end.
• Updated "Building from source" manual section with additional instructions on installing TBB.
• Several other updates to manual, including new mentions of Bioconda and Biocontainers.
• Fixed an issue preventing bowtie2 from processing more than one pattern source when running single threaded.
• Fixed an issue causing bowtie2 and bowtie2-inspect to crash if the index contains a gap-only segment.
• Added experimental BAM input mode -b. Works only with unpaired input reads and BAM files that are sorted by read name (samtools sort -n). BAM input mode also supports the following options:
•     --preserve-sam-tags: Preserve any optional fields present in BAM record
    --align-paired-reads: Paired-end mode for BAM files
• Add experimental CMake support

Thread-scaling paper appears - July 19, 2018

• Our latest work on Bowtie's core thread scaling capabilities just appeared Open Access in the journal Bioinformatics